This study was aimed to determine the effect of advanced pregnancy on the topography and size of the omasum in 22 healthy Murrah buffaloes. The omasum was scanned 15-20 days before and after parturition, as per the standard procedure. The dorsal and ventral margins of the omasum were identified and marked at each intercostal space (ICS). The dorsal and ventral limits up to the dorsal midline were measured. The omasum was scanned in 6th to 11th ICS during advanced pregnancy and 7th to 11th ICS after the parturition. Irrespective of the pregnancy, the dorsal and ventral margins of the omasum were located farther dorsal and close to the spine in the 6th, 7th and 11th ICS. Except in one buffalo, the omasum was scanned in four consecutive ICS during the advanced pregnancy. After parturition the omasum was scanned in four and five consecutive ICS in 17 and five buffaloes, respectively. The mean dorsal and ventral limits of the omasum increased significantly (P?.
This study was aimed to determine the effect of advanced pregnancy on the topography and size of the omasum in 22 healthy Murrah buffaloes. The omasum was scanned 15-20 days before and after parturition, as per the standard procedure. The dorsal and ventral margins of the omasum were identified and marked at each intercostal space (ICS). The dorsal and ventral limits up to the dorsal midline were measured. The omasum was scanned in 6th to 11th ICS during advanced pregnancy and 7th to 11th ICS after the parturition. Irrespective of the pregnancy, the dorsal and ventral margins of the omasum were located farther dorsal and close to the spine in the 6th, 7th and 11th ICS. Except in one buffalo, the omasum was scanned in four consecutive ICS during the advanced pregnancy. After parturition the omasum was scanned in four and five consecutive ICS in 17 and five buffaloes, respectively. The mean dorsal and ventral limits of the omasum increased significantly (P?.Clinical symptoms are mostly unspecific in hepatic diseases, thus most clinical examinations are of limited benefit in the diagnosis of hepatic diseases and often only general statements can be made about parenchymal damage or loss of function. In contrast, sonography of the liver can provide information about the type of lesion and thus also about the prognosis for the animal. A systematic assessment of organ size, parenchymal, vascular and bile duct system structures can facilitate to make possible findings. Sonography is also used in further diagnostics such as liver biopsy or chole-cystocentesis. This review describes the basic procedure for the sonographic examination in ruminants and camelids on the basis of selected findings relevant to the clinical veterinarian. In addition, potential and limits of additional diagnostics are discussed.
Clinical symptoms are mostly unspecific in hepatic diseases, thus most clinical examinations are of limited benefit in the diagnosis of hepatic diseases and often only general statements can be made about parenchymal damage or loss of function. In contrast, sonography of the liver can provide information about the type of lesion and thus also about the prognosis for the animal. A systematic assessment of organ size, parenchymal, vascular and bile duct system structures can facilitate to make possible findings. Sonography is also used in further diagnostics such as liver biopsy or chole-cystocentesis. This review describes the basic procedure for the sonographic examination in ruminants and camelids on the basis of selected findings relevant to the clinical veterinarian. In addition, potential and limits of additional diagnostics are discussed.This article investigates the dynamic consensus problem for the discrete-time second-order integrator networked multiagent system with time-varying delay and switching topology, in which the speed of each agent is not required to be synchronized to zero value. Novel consensus protocols using only relative state information are proposed, and sufficient conditions for dynamic consensus are derived. The results show that consensus can be reached for both the case with delay and the case without delay, if the gain is sufficiently small and the union of interaction graphs is scrambling or contains a spanning tree frequently enough as the system evolves. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.This article is concerned with the intermittent estimator-based mixed passive and H∞ control for the high-speed train (HST) with multiple noises, actuator stochastic fault, and sensor packet loss. First, an intermittent estimator is designed to track the undetectable status of HSTs in response to only partial information available due to sensor failures. Then, two different stability criteria are developed by adopting two different Lyapunov function strategies. Simultaneously, in order to reduce the control cost and accelerate the convergence time, two different algorithms are designed. It is worth emphasizing that different from the existing results of HST subject to actuator fault, this article adopts a more flexible fault representation mode, namely, semi-Markov switching mode, which is more in line with the practical background and has a higher valuable application. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Flavopiridol.html Especially, the Lyapunov function designed in this article can drive the system state to decrease monotonically in both the ``working interval'' and the ``rest interval,'' so as to avoid the phenomenon of state impulsive jump. Finally, through the test of HST experimental value of Japan's Shinkansen, the simulation results show the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed control method and also make a comparative analysis with related works, to prove the advantages of the control technology proposed in this article.This article identifies a new upper bound norm for the intervalized interconnection matrices pertaining to delayed dynamical neural networks under the parameter uncertainties. By formulating the appropriate Lyapunov functional and slope-bounded activation functions, the derived new upper bound norms provide new sufficient conditions corresponding to the equilibrium point of the globally asymptotic robust stability with respect to the delayed neural networks. The new upper bound norm also yields the optimized minimum results as compared with some existing methods. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results obtained through the new upper bound norm method.